Полезные команды cmd windows 10

The Windows Command Prompt (CMD) is a powerful tool that allows users to interact with their operating system through text-based commands. Whether you’re a beginner exploring CMD for the first time, an expert troubleshooting advanced issues, or just looking for utility-focused tasks, this guide has you covered.

In this guide, we will provide you with some of the most useful commands for the following:

• CMD Commands for Beginners
• CMD Commands for Experts
• CMD Commands for Utility
• CMD Commands for Troubleshooting
• CMD Commands for Students
• CMD Commands for Programmers

CMD Commands for Beginners

These commands are essential for users who are new to CMD and provide basic functionalities to help them navigate and perform simple tasks.

1. View Directory ‘dir‘

• Function: Displays the contents of the current directory.
• How to use: Type dir and press Enter. Use dir /s to include subdirectories.
• Use case: Quickly view files and folders in your current location.

Syntax: dir

2. Change Directories ‘cd’

• Function: Lets you navigate between folders.
• How to use: Type cd [folder_name] to move into a directory. Use cd .. to go up one level.
• Use case: Navigate to specific directories to manage files or execute commands

Syntax: cd [folder name]

3. Create a New Directory ‘mkdir’ or ‘md’

• Function: Allows you to create a new directory
• How to use: Type mkdir [file_name]— Here the new directory name is GFG
• Use case: When you need a new directory for any separate work, you may create a new directory

Syntax: mkdir [GFG]

4. Rename a File ‘ren’

• Function: Helps in renaming any file or directory.
• How to use: Type ren or rename [old_name] [new_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new method of renaming file or any directory.

Syntax: ren xyz.txt newxyz.txt

5. Delete a File ‘del’

• Function: Lets you to remove one or more files
• How to use: Type del [file_name]— This will erase the provided file name
• Use case: This function allows you to erase any file if you’re unable to fetch

Syntax: del[file_name]

6. Close ‘exit’

• Function: Closes the Command Prompt window.
• How to use: Type exit and press Enter.
• Use case: Ends your session with CMD.

Syntax: exit

7. Clear Screen ‘cls’

• Function: Clears all text from the CMD window.
• How to use: Type cls and press Enter.
• Use case: Removes clutter after multiple commands

Syntax: cls

8. View Available Command ‘help’

• Function: Lists all available commands and their descriptions.
• How to use: Type help and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: help

9. Display or Set the System time ‘time’

• Function: Lets you set the system time or display the current time.
• How to use: Type time [new_time] and press Enter.
• Use case: Allows the user to set their system’s time without additional navigation

Syntax: time [new_time]

10. Copy Files ‘copy’

• Function: Lists all available commands and their descriptions.
• How to use: Type copy [source1] [destination2] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: copy file.txt Backup\

CMD Commands for Experts

These commands are more advanced and suitable for users comfortable with troubleshooting and system management tasks.

1. System File Checker ‘sfc’

• Function: Scans and repairs corrupted system files.
• How to use: Type sfc /scannow in CMD (run as administrator).
• Use case: Fix system errors related to missing or corrupted files.

Syntax: sfc /scannow

2. Disk Error ‘chkdsk’

• Function: Scans the hard drive for bad sectors and file system errors.
• How to use: Type chkdsk [drive letter]: /f (e.g., chkdsk C: /f) in CMD.
• Use case: Identify and fix disk issues.

Syntax: chkdsk C: /f

3. View Running Processor ‘tasklist’

• Function: Displays all running processes and their details.
• How to use: Type tasklist to list processes. Use tasklist /fi "imagename eq [process name]" to filter.
• Use case: Identify resource-heavy or unresponsive processes.

Syntax: tasklist /fi "imagename eq [process name]

4. Restart ‘shutdown’

• Function: Allows you to shut down or restart the computer via CMD.
• How to use:
  • Shutdown: shutdown /s /f /t [seconds].
  • Restart: shutdown /r /f /t [seconds].
• Use case: Automate shutdown or restart tasks

Syntax: 
Shutdown: shutdown /s /f /t [seconds].
Restart: shutdown /r /f /t [seconds].

5. Network Statistics ‘netstat’

• Function: Displays active connections and listening ports.
• How to use: Type netstat to view all active connections.
• Use case: Diagnose network-related issues or monitor network activity.

Syntax: netstat

6. Kill a Running Process ‘taskkill’

• Function: Lets you terminate a process using its process ID (PID)
• How to use: Type taskkill /[PID] /F to terminate
• Use case: Can be helpful for terminating any dedicated PID.

Example (PID: 1124)

Syntax: taskkill /PID 11234 /F

7. View Saved Passwords ‘netsh wlan show profiles’

• Function: Retrieve the password of a saved Wi-Fi network.
• How to use: Type netsh wlan show profile name=»WiFi-Name» key=clear
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: netsh wlan show profile name="MyHomeWiFi" key=clear

CMD Commands for Utility

These commands are focused on specific tasks and utilities to enhance productivity and system performance.

1. Network Configuration ‘ipconfig’

• Function: Displays IP address, subnet mask, and gateway information.
• How to use:
  • Basic: Type ipconfig.
  • Detailed: Type ipconfig /all.
• Use case: Troubleshoot internet connectivity issues.

Syntax: ipconfig

2. Network Connectivity ‘ping’

• Function: Sends packets to test communication with another device or website.
• How to use: Type ping [destination] 
• Use case: Check if a device or website is reachable.

Syntax: ping geeksforgeeks.org

3. System Information ‘systeminfo’

• Function: Displays detailed information about your computer.
• How to use: Type systeminfo.
• Use case: Quickly access system specifications for troubleshooting or reporting.

Syntax: systeminfo

4. Trace Route ‘tracert’

• Function: Shows the path packets take to reach a specific destination.
• How to use: Type tracert [destination]
• Use case: Identify network bottlenecks or connectivity issues.

Syntax: tracert geeksforgeeks.org

5. Manage Drives ‘diskpart’

• Function: Opens a command-line utility for managing disk partitions.
• How to use: Type diskpart to enter the disk management interface.
• Use case: Create, delete, or modify partitions on your drives.

Syntax: diskpart

6. Delete a Directory ‘rmdir’

• Function: Removes directory from the origin
• How to use: Type rmdir [directory_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: GFG — Directory name

Syntax: rmdir GFG

7. View ‘rmdir’

• Function: Removes directory from the origin
• How to use: Type rmdir [directory_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: GFG - Directory name

8. Manage User Account ‘net user’

• Function: To list all the user accounts
• How to use: Type net user and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: net user username password /add

9. View Startup Programs ‘wmic startup get caption,command’

• Function: To check what programs launch on startup.
• How to use: Type wmic startup get caption,command, and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: wmic startup get caption,command

CMD Commands for Troubleshooting

1. File Comparison ‘fc’

• Function: Compares two files and highlights differences.
• How to use: Type fc [file1] [file2] to compare files.
• Use case: Detect changes or errors in files

Syntax: fc 1 2

2. Advanced Network Diagnostics ‘pathping’

• Function: Combines ping and tracert functionalities to provide detailed network path diagnostics.
• How to use: Type pathping [destination]
• Use case: Troubleshoot complex network issues.

Syntax: pathping geeksforgeeks.org

3. Registry Editor ‘regedit’

• Function: Launches the Windows Registry Editor.
• How to use: Type regedit to open the registry.
• Use case: Modify registry keys for advanced configuration or troubleshooting.

Syntax: regedit

4. View MAC ‘getmac’

• Function: Displays the MAC address of your network adapter.
• How to use: Type getmac to view the MAC address.
• Use case: Identify your device’s hardware address for network configurations

Syntax: getmac

5. Power Configuration ‘powercfg’

• Function: Displays and manages power settings.
• How to use: Type powercfg /[option] 
• Use case: Optimize power usage and troubleshoot battery issues.

Syntax: powercfg /energy for a detailed power usage report

6. Enable Boot Manager ‘bcdedit’

• Function: Used to modify boot configuration settings
• How to use: Type bcdedit / set current
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: bcdedit /set {current} bootmenupolicy standard

7. Format a Drive ‘format’

• Function: To erase any specific drive.
• How to use: Type format [drive]: /FS:NTFS and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: format D: /FS:NTFS

CMD Commands for Students

Students can use these commands to manage files, perform simple calculations, and even help with tasks like coding and studying.

1. Calculator ‘calc’

• Function: Opens the Windows Calculator application.
• How to use: Type calc and press Enter.
• Use case: Quickly open the calculator for

Syntax: calc

CMD Commands for Programmers

Programmers often use CMD to automate tasks, compile code, and test network functionality. These commands can be especially useful for developers working in command-line environments.

1. Compile Java Code ‘javac’

• Function: Compiles Java source files into bytecode.
• How to use: Type javac [file name].java to compile Java code.
• Use case: Compile and test Java programs directly from the command line.

Syntax: javac

2. Version Control ‘git’

• Function: Interacts with Git repositories from the command line.
• How to use: Type git [command]
• Use case: Manage version control, clone repositories, or push commits from the command line.

Syntax: git clone [repository URL]

3. Execute Python Script ‘python’

• Function: Runs Python scripts in the command prompt.
• How to use: Type python [script.py] to execute a Python program.
• Use case: Test and run Python code directly in the command line.

Syntax: python [script.py]

4. Run Node.js Scripts ‘node’

• Function: Executes Node.js scripts.
• How to use: Type node [script.js] to run a JavaScript file using Node.js.
• Use case: Run backend scripts and test JavaScript programs in the command line.

Syntax: node [script.js]

5. Node Package Manager ‘npm’

• Function: Installs and manages JavaScript packages.
• How to use: Type npm install [package] to install a package.
• Use case: Manage dependencies and libraries in Node.js applications.

Syntax: npm install [package]

Bonus: CMD Tricks and Tips

To make CMD usage even more efficient, here are some bonus tips:

1. Save CMD Output to a File

Use the > operator to save the output of a command to a text file.

2. Open CMD in a Specific Directory

Instead of navigating manually, you can directly open CMD in a folder by typing cmd in the File Explorer’s address bar.

3. Use && for Multiple Commands

You can run multiple commands sequentially:

ipconfig && ping google.com

Conclusion

Mastering the most useful CMD commands in Windows can empower you to perform tasks more efficiently, troubleshoot problems, and gain deeper control over your system. By familiarizing yourself with these essential CMD commands, you’ll be better equipped to handle a variety of situations, from simple file management to advanced system configurations. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, these commands are invaluable tools to have at your disposal.

Command prompt (CMD) is a tool designed especially for the Windows Operating System which gives you a direct approach to complete tasks, which otherwise, needs a lot of effort and time. It’s so useful that even today we apply it to fix multiple errors and to enable/disable various Windows user settings. The tool works with certain commands.

As we can’t remember each one of them individually, we have come here with a list of 30 Best Commands (cmd.exe) in Windows 10 that you simply can’t ignore working with.
So just buckle up and enjoy the ride.

Compilation of 30 Best Commands (cmd.exe) in Windows 10

1: ipconfig: To find your IP Address within Seconds

If you waste a lot of time figuring out the “IP” (Internet Protocol) then this is one of the best commands meant for you. It permits easily trace out system’s IP address details. Moreover, the tool also displays info about the gateway as well as Router’s pre-specified web interface. After the execution of this command, you view a list of all the networks your system is connected to. The command looks like:

ipconfig /all command

2: shutdown: To create Shutdown shortcuts

This command lets restart or turn off PC within seconds which makes it very effective. The “shutdown” command line is a relief to all the latest versions where it’s very hard to search and execute the shutting down functionality. Using this, you can easily create shortcuts and can effectively place them wherever want, say at the desktop, taskbar or at the Start menu-list. In the advanced versions, you are able to use “cmd.exe” like a switch to turn your PC on/off taking into consideration many advanced options for the startup. For this, just type:

a) shutdown /r /o: To start the PC into various advanced options.

b)  shutdown /s /t 0: To perform a regular power off

c) shutdown /r/t 0: To Restart your PC

3: ping: To test if there is no packet loss

You can run this command as: “ping howto-connect.com”. Here, “howto-connect.com” is the name of the server that we want to test. After hitting the Enter key, Windows will start sending packets to the address fed to the input (here, howto-connect.com). IP address will also work for the same in this utility. The server in return would inform that it has received those tiny data packets. This way you check if any of the data packets were not received by the server or if the server is saturated (can no longer hold the data packets).

4: ipconfig /flushdns: To Flush the DNS Resolver Cache

When you change DNS settings, they don’t just take place immediately. Instead, they take time for a complete setup. Meanwhile, if you’ll try to visit a particular site (changed DNS server settings for) time and again, the Windows in return will use the “cache” which retains the record for all the previous responses from that specific address. So this cache ensures that the Windows is fetching Data from the new DNS server by running “ipconfig /flushdns” command even after changing the DNS settings. It looks like:

ipconfig /flushdns

5: sfc /scannow: Scans your System files to fix Errors

Do you know that Windows 10 has an (SFC) System file checking tool as well following its predecessors? Yes, it does. This tool scans all system files and finds out errors in them moreover, replaces if any file is corrupt automatically. To use this “tool” via command prompt, just open up and type:

sfc /scannow

then, press Enter.

6: telnet: Connects you to the Telnet servers

Windows versions also carry a Telnet client approved by the Microsoft itself and this comes uninstalled. So you have to install manually from the Control Panel first. After installing this, use the telnet command to connect to the various telnet servers without needing to practice a 3rd-party software.
It is primarily advised to avoid using the telnet client but certain programs require this in the first place, to set up. This is where you’ll need Telnet. The syntax follows as:

telnet

7: cipher: To Overwrite or to permanently delete a Directory

Cipher has a lot of functions to perform. It is primarily used to manage encryption and write data to a drive and to clear instantly as well. When you run cipher command no deleted data can be restored. So The command allows to directly wipe a drive’s data without seeking for any permissions prior to the execution. This command is:

cipher /w:D:\            (assuming that D is the drive that you want to wipe here).

8: nslookup: To find the IP address of a Domain

Nslookup tells the IP address of the desired server. The same thing takes place when you type a domain name into your browser’s address bar as doing this tracks the IP address of the server first and accordingly, takes to the destination. This is a very passive process. But with “nslookup”, you can directly obtain this IP from your Command prompt within seconds. Furthermore, it can also tell you the server name if you type in the IP address. The syntax is as follows:

nslookup howto-connect.com

here, the server name is “howto-connect.com”.

9: netstat –an: Lists all your Network Connections and Ports

Netstat command allows you see a list of all the network connections along with the name and the details of the port they are operational with. This also informs you about the foreign IPs connected to these ports. The syntax is:

netstat -an

10: fc: To compare two files

You can exercise “fc” to compare certain parameters between 2 given files. It is very useful for those who face a hard time in finding out the differences in the text of two files. But not now, as this command does all within a matter of time. Straightway type ‘fc’ followed by the directory path and the file name to compare them real quick. Type:

fc /l “C:\Program Files (x86) \ABC1.doc” “C:\Program Files (x86) \ABC2.doc”

Here, ABC1 and ABC2 are the files names respectively. C is the drive which contains these files. The above command juxtaposes ASCII (text) in these two documents/files.
Note: Use, ‘/b’ to compare binary output and ‘/c’ for the case of text in the two specified documents.

11: sigverif: To Verify the File Signature

This command works to check if all the system files are digitally signed or not. Windows 10 and all other versions carry the tool popular as File Signature Verification tool. It uses a GUI interface and tells you accordingly that which system files are signed and which remain unsigned. The command performing to launch this signature verification tool is as follows:

sigverif

12: driverquery: Displays all the Installed Drivers

Windows 10 gives you Driver Query as a complementary tool to test your drivers. This tool works to identify the drivers that are being used with an entire list showcasing the installed drivers. If you need some additional information for these drivers, you can modify this command as follows:

driverquery -v (to know details regarding each driver)

driverquery -si (displays the signature information about each driver)

13: repair-bde: To recover the Encrypted data

Now retrieve data from your drive using “repair -bde”command. This is very handy when your drive is protected by the BitLocker. To run this command, you’ll need to have a destination drive, recovery key or the password for BitLocker. The basic format/syntax for this command is:

repair-bde -rk | rp

Here, you’ll need to specify the source and the destination drive along with the key/password followed by the path leading to the key/password. Here are some examples to run this command:

repair-bde c: d: -rk e:\recovery.bek
repair-bde c: d: -rp 111111-111111-111111-111111-111111-111111

14: tasklist: To list all the running tasks on a system

Tasklist, as the name suggests, provides a list of entire tasks active on your PC. This command is also compatible with multiple switches like –m and –svc. The –m switch displays all the DLL modules related to a task while -svc switch lists the services that support each task listed in the prompt. It looks like:

a) tasklist

b) tasklist –m

c) tasklist –svc

15: taskkill: to terminate a task

Taskkill performs the termination of the desired task taking help from its process identification code or the Image name. The syntax of the command includes taskkill followed by –pid or –im, of the task which you want to kill. Here is how this command looks like:

taskkill –pid 4104
taskkill –im iexplore.exe

16: Attrib: To change attributes of a file

Attrib command works to identify attributes of a file within the directory that you are executing the command from. You can use switches like: +a, -a, +h, -h, +I, -I, +r, -r, +s, -s, +v, -v, +x and, -x with this command. When apply with these switches, the command performs different functions as operated.
The syntax is as follows:

attrib [the switch: as listed above] [drive:][path][filename] [/s][/d][/l][/?]

For Example:

attrib +r c:\windows\system\secretfolder

17: bcdboot: To copy boot files

“Bcdboot” can definitely help if you are experiencing problems with the Windows boot-up functionality. This command lets you rebuild BCD inventory (for data) and also repair the existing one. The syntax is like:

bcdboot [/l][/s][/v][/m]

18: XCOPY: To copy files between drives

Now copy your files between drives using the “XCOPY” command. The command-line to copy photos from drive C to the drive F will be:

XCOPY c:\photos f:\photos /s /e

19: CD: To quickly switch between directories

CD command lets quickly access the directory of choice. For example, let’s just say that you are way too far from the C drive and quickly want to reach there. Then the syntax would follow:

cd c:\

This will take you to the C drive.

20: DIR: To see the contents of a directory

Navigating through the Windows Explorer to check data on your directories is very hectic. CMD gives you a power to quickly go through the contents of a directory with just 3 simple alphabets i.e “dir”. The syntax goes like:

dir

21: Assoc: Displays file name extensions

The Assoc command displays all the relevant file extensions and program associations on the system. You are capable of even extending this command to change file parameters like its associations and so on. For e.g. “assoc .txt=” will change the text files to whatever format you enter after the “=” sign in the command line. The syntax to change text files to pdf would be:

assoc .txt=.pdf

22: pathping: Advanced version of Ping

Pathping command is useful if you have a no.of router installed between a system and the device and want to test. This is a Post-established version of the “ping” command. It displays a little information about the routes which the packets take while traveling between multiple nodes. The syntax looks like:

pathping

23: powercfg: To manage your systems power consumption

You can run this command to track PC’s power consumption resources.To manage hibernation type:

powercfg /hibernate on

 powercfg /hibernate off

and,

“powercfg /a”      (to check power saving states)

Similarly, “powercfg /lastwake” will tell the programs/processes that woke the system from sleep. You, therefore, execute this command to troubleshoot a system if it wakes from sleep too often.

24: recimg.exe

The recimg.exe is the best command helps to design a custom recovery image for Windows 10 operating system. This image contains all the installed apps and Windows system files in their current state. It does not contain documents, user profiles, personal settings, etc. and is a highly sophisticated program. Simply type:

recimg.exe

and it will form a custom recovery image for your Windows version.

25: tracert: To track path of the transmitted packets

The Tracert command traces the path through with the packets are transferred to a known server. It’ll show the information about how each node packet interacts while moving to the destination. So if you are having any issues with the server, simply run this command line:

tracert howto-connect.com

(“howto-connect.com” is the name of the server here)

26: Tree: to obtain a tree structure of a Directory

This is among the best commands and  represents the components of a directory/sub-directory into a Tree structure format. Simply open the Command Prompt and type “tree” followed by the drive or any sub-directory you want to see. This will showcase your entire user profile within that directory/path name. The syntax for checking constituents of the C drive (assume) will be:

tree c:/

Note: To zoom in, right-click the top bar of the prompt and go to Properties > Layout tab and change the default height parameter from 300 to something bigger, like 500 or so.

27: netsh interface: To check WiFi Connections

You can also catch the real culprit (in Windows 10) if your system is connected to a wifi network or not using this very effective command line. To know this, type in the following command into the command prompt:

netsh interface show interface | findstr /C: ”Wireless” /C: ”Name”

Executing this command will show the things like Admin State, State, Type moreover the Interface Name.

28: Move: To move files and directories to another location

This is one of the best commands lets change locations of a file. Just type in the simple command in CMD and that’s it. The file will successfully move to the desired location. The syntax for this command goes like:

move <filename> <destination folder>

For example, to move a file named “howto-connect.docx” to the folder “d:\backup\folder”; the command would be:

move howto-connect.docx d:\backup\folder

29: /?: To find the usage of a command

A few commands are very hard to understand, in this case, you will simply type the doubtful one, followed by this argument i.e. “/?”. For example, to see what “shutdown” does through CMD, simply type:

shutdown /?

And, this will show the list of all the switches that could be used with the “shutdown” command to perform numerous functions.

30: net share: To disable administrative shares

Windows shares automatically share some specific folders once it connects to a network. You can easily disable this, or can even eliminate this using a special command line. It is also one of the Best Commands in Windows 10. First of all, to view these shared folders and their locations, type:

net share

Now run the command to disable these shares. Type:

a) net share C$ /delete

b) net share IPC$ /delete

c) net share ADMIN$ /delete

and all other folders who you don’t want to display shares from.

Final Words

Command lines make it very easy to execute really hectic tasks within seconds. These, obviously, are hard to remember but you can easily learn a few of these to impress those tech-geeks and freaks around you. Commands mentioned above are no doubt very effective and functional. So just hold on to these Best Commands (cmd.exe) in Windows 10 and you’ll never ever be going through those very bulky procedures of executing functions within Windows OS.

Feel free to share more commands, which you feel could be important for Windows 10 users. Till then, share this article to lend a helping hand to others.

В наших статьях про работу Windows 10 и других версий часто можно встретить упоминание командной строки. Все дело в том, что это удобный системный инструмент, который позволяет настраивать ОС под себя и управлять разными ее частями с помощью простых текстовых команд. Например, мгновенно запускать разные приложения или проводить проверку и сканирование файлов.

Для командной строки существует огромное количество различных кодов, которые мы можете использовать для того, чтобы упростить себе работу с системой и использовать ее функции по максимуму. Ниже разберемся, как открывается командная строка и какие команды можно в нее вводить.

Виды командной строки

Утилита для выполнения команд в Windows разделена на два интерфейса: непосредственно командную строку и оболочку PowerShell. Каждая из них — это консоль, которая напрямую соединяет вас с компонентами ОС или конкретными приложениями на вашем ПК.

Первой появилась командная строка. Ее встроили в систему для того, чтобы оптимизировать стандартные задачи, например, работу с учетными записями на ПК или создание резервных копий по ночам. Вы можете запускать и куда более сложные сценарии. Скрипты командной строки помогают вам облегчить и ускорить работу.

Картинка с сайта: cq.ru

командная строка виндовс 10

PowerShell же создан как расширенная версия прошлой утилиты и использует собственные скрипты — командлеты. Они представляют собой язык сценариев, который можно расширять. По сути, вы можете использовать ту утилиту, которая удобнее вам, но помните, что командная строка не может использовать командлеты для PowerShell.

Картинка с сайта: cq.ru

командная строка виндовс 10

Открываем командную строку

Проще всего запустить командную строку через системную утилиту «Выполнить». Ее можно вызвать с помощью комбинации клавиш Windows + R. В открывшемся окне введите cmd и подтвердите выполнение запроса.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Еще один вариант — запуск через меню «Пуск». Нажмите правой кнопкой мыши по иконке меню и выберите «Командная строка» или «Windows PowerShell». Также вы таким образом можете запустить командную строку от имени администратора и получить максимальный ее функционал. Но помните, что этот способ сработает только если у вас не стоит модификации на меню «Пуск». В ином случае у вас откроется другое всплывающее окно.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Какой бы способ вы не выбрали — итог будет одинаковым. В результате откроется окно командной строки, в которое вы сразу же можете вводить нужные вам команды для системы и прочих файлов.

Список команд

Как мы уже отметили ранее, в командной строке есть очень много различных команд, но большинство из них настолько специфичны, что нужны только в редких случаях. В статье мы постарались собрать только основные команды, которые могут помочь вам быстро открывать системные утилиты и работать с папками на вашем ПК.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Помните об осторожности при работе с системными файлами и инструментами, и не забывайте делать бэкапы файлов, если вам нужно что-то серьезно изменить.

Программы и утилиты

Эти команды позволят вам моментально запускать программы и открывать разные системные утилиты. С их помощью вы можете быстро перемещаться по разным компонентам системы, без необходимости делать несколько шагов в меню пуск. А еще это позволяет запускать важные утилиты, для доступа к которым нужно лезть вглубь ПК.

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командная строка виндовс 10

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командная строка виндовс 10

Приложения

Команд для работы с приложениями довольно мало. Они направлены в основном на уже открытые программы, которые выполняют определенные процессы на ПК.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Управление системой

С этим пунктом нужно обращаться осторожнее, ведь команды в нем связаны непосредственно с работой вашей системы. Конечно, если вы просто запустите утилиты с помощью этих запросов, и ничего не будете менять, все будет нормально. Но если вам нужно что-то изменить в системе — будьте крайне осторожны.

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командная строка виндовс 10

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командная строка виндовс 10

Сеть и интернет

С помощью этих команды вы можете проверить работоспособность вашего интернета и изменить настройки. Также вам будет доступна информация о сетевых устройствах и интерфейсах.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Периферия

Команды для управления оборудованием, подключенным к вашему ПК тоже есть. Их немного и они вызывают в основном окна настройки разных устройств, от мышки для принтера и графического планшета.

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командная строка виндовс 10

Файлы и диски

Здесь мы рассмотрим команды для работы с дисками, папками и хранящимися в них файлами. Некоторые из них будут работать только если вы уже вызвали какую-то утилиту или запустили программу. А если вы запутаетесь, то всегда можно воспользоваться командой help, чтобы получить справку по командной строке.

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командная строка виндовс 10

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командная строка виндовс 10

Настройка командной строки

Командную строку также можно кастомизировать под себя. Изменить ее цвет, установить приветствие, очистить содержимое, если кода стало слишком много. Словом, всячески управлять ей.

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командная строка виндовс 10

В статье мы собрали самые полезные команды для командной строки. Пользуйтесь ими при необходимости, но не забывайте об осторожности. Все действия с системными файлами и утилитами вы выполняете на свой страх и риск.

Заглавное изображение: wall.alphacoders.com

Windows’ celebrated CLI (Command-Line Interpreter) is a treasure trove of hidden features, tools, and settings.

Command Prompt lets you tap into every area of your Operating System, from creating new folders to formatting internal and external storage.

To help you navigate cmd.exe like a pro, we’ve prepared a compressive list of cool CMD commands to make you feel like a hacker.

Getting Started with Command Prompt

Unsure about using cmd.exe? Not a problem; just follow this step-by-step guide to get started.

First of all, you’ll need to fire up the Command Prompt Window by hitting Windows Key + R and typing in cmd in the Run window. Hit Enter and CMD will momentarily pop up on your screen.

There’s more than one way to prompt command.

For the second method, hit the Windows key to bring up the Start Menu. After that, type in cmd or command prompt in the search bar and left-click on the icon.

To sum up…

Method 1: Windows key + R -> type cmd -> press Enter

Method 2: Windows key -> type cmd or command prompt -> left-click on the CMD icon.

Now that Command Prompt is up and running, it’s time to have some fun. We’re going to start with a couple of basic commands and then move on to the more advanced stuff.

Basic Windows CMD Commands

1. Ver – displays operating system version on the screen (e.g., Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.2486])
2. Date – displays the current date on the screen. Can also be used to change the date.
3. Shutdown – shuts down your machine.
4. Taskkill – allows you to terminate a process or a running app. To use this, type in taskkill followed by ‘/f’, ‘/im’, and the name of the process or app you want to terminate (e.g. winword.exe). So, if we want to kill all instances of MS Word, we would need to type in taskkill /f /im winword.exe. Hit Enter to confirm.
5. Color – changes the color of the foreground and background. For instance, typing in ‘color fc’ will make the background bright white and the foreground (i.e., writing) light red.
6. Getmac – displays your machine’s MAC address.
7. Ipconfig – displays your IP address.
8. Ping – sends data packets to a specific IP address or network (e.g., ping google.com). Very useful in troubleshooting Internet connectivity issues.
9. Pathping – maps the connection to a specific IP address. Can also be used to troubleshoot connectivity issues.
10. Nslookup – displays the DNS record or IP address of a specific domain (e.g., nslookup facebook.com).
11. Chkdks – performs a routine check on a specified disk and corrects errors.
12. Gpupdate – updates group policies. Usually used in conjunction with the force (/f) argument.
13. Mkdir – creates a new directory.
14. Tasklist – displays a list of all live processes and applications.
15. Timeout – very useful when working with batch files. This command allows you to delay execution for a specified number of seconds. When appended the -1 value, process execution will be delayed indefinitely. The computer will wait for a keystroke to continue.
16. Type – this command allows you to view text files (.txt) in your cmd window.
17. Vol – displays disk volume information such as serial numbers or labels.
18. Systeminfo – displays useful sys info such as Host Name, OS version, processor, BIOS version, time zone, applied hotfixes, and more.
19. Netstat ­– displays info about active TCP connections.
20. Help – outputs a list of commonly used commands.

Advanced Windows CMD Commands

And now it’s time to lose the kid gloves and talk about some more advanced (and cool) CMD commands.

1. Telnet – allows you to establish a remote, Telnet-type connection.Before attempting to ‘dial’, ensure that both machines support Telnet communication and that the client software is installed.To initiate this type of remote session, you must specify the IP address of the server or the main computer followed by 13531 (e.g. telnet 60.227.102.16 13531). The number at the far end of the command represents the communication port used by the Sage 50 Connection Manager.If the setup’s done right, your CMD cursor should become blank. Otherwise, it will return the message “telnet is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program, or batch file”. This error message appears when Telnet’s not enabled on the machine.To switch it on, click on the Start button and head to Control Panel. Under Programs and Features, select Turn Windows Features on or off.Scroll down until you see Telnet Client and Telnet Server. Enable both features and click the Ok button to confirm. Restart your machine. Open a new CMD window and retry the connection.
2. Klist – this command allows you to visualize cached Kerberos tickets and retrieve useful information such as encryption type, server, start time, renew time, session key type, cached flags, and more.
3. FC – changes made to files may not always be obvious.To see if a file has been modified, use the File Compare (FC) command in CMD. You can perform two kinds of file comparisons: ASCII or binary.For instance, you may want to use an ASCII-type comparison when working with a text file. On the other hand, for media (e.g. pictures, clips, etc.) a binary comparison would be the proper approach.
4. Powercfg – this is a great diagnostic tool for laptop users.Ever wondered why your battery’s running out so fast, leaving you high and dry, possibly in the middle of an (important) e-meeting? Well, you can quickly find out by running this Power Configuration utility in CMD. Powercfg usually works best with the ‘-energy’ argument.So, after running the combo ‘powercfg -energy’, your machine will begin a 60-second power test. It will generate a power efficiency diagnostic report. If any errors are found, they will be highlighted in the second section of the report, along with recommendations.
5. Cacls – this nifty command allows you to display or modify ACLs (i.e. Access Control Lists) of various files.Some of its more popular uses include granting specific access rights to users (i.e. Read, Write, Change, or Full Control), revoking permissions, denying specific users, or replacing the user’s access rights. Here’s a quick example of how to use the Cacls command.

Step 1. Create a text document on your desktop area. Name it ‘test.txt’

Step 2. Open CMD.

Step 3. Navigate to the Desktop directory by typing in ‘cd desktop’

Step 4. Type in ‘cacls test.txt’. This will display users and permissions.

Step 5. In this example, we will update (replace) the default rights of user BUILTIN\Administrators from F (i.e. Full Control) to R (i.e. Read only) using the /P argument.

Step 6. Type in ‘cacls test.txt /P BUILTIN\Administrators: R

Step 7. Type ‘Y’ and press Enter to confirm changes.

6. ARP – display or commit changes to the ARP cache.

To view the contents of the cache, type in ARP -a and press ENTER. If you want to make changes to the ARP cache such as adding a static entry use ARP-a, followed by the Internet address (i.e. IP) and the physical address (i.e. MAC).

For instance, if we have a new host and want to associate its IP to its physical address, we will need to type in the following line: ARP-a [IP_address] [Physical_Adress].

7. Chgport – use this command to display or remap COM ports.

8. Cipher ­– check the encryption status of your files or folders (i.e., NTFS partitions only).

9. Cmdkey – displays and allows you to make modifications to all host-stored passwords and usernames.

10 Dispdiag – allows you to diagnose display-related issues. Can create log dump files when used together with the [-d] argument.

11. Driverquery – displays a list of all the drivers installed on the machine.

12. Fondue – install optional MS Windows updates from CMD.

13. Hwrcomp – this command allows you to install or update existing handwriting recognition dictionaries.

14. Makecab – used to compress files and folders.

15. Mrinfo – displays router interface info.

16. Pentnt – this command allows to user to detect so-called floating-point division errors in Pentium processors.

17. Reagentc – use this command to configure the Windows Recovery Environment.

18. Recover – retrieve data from a bad disk.

19. Repair-bde – useful in decrypting/repairing a damaged drive that’s been encrypted with BitLocker.

20. Runas – execute an application with another user’s credentials.

21. Chgusr – modify the install mode for your terminal server.

22. Cmstp –  used to install or uninstall a service profile for the Connection Manager.

23. Ctty – modify the default input or output devices.

24. Forfiles – Selects and executes a command on a file or set of files.

25. Format – Prepares a disk for use with Windows, by formatting it.

26. Fsutil – Performs tasks related to file allocation table (FAT) and NTFS file system, such as managing reparse points or sparse files.

27. Ftp – Transfers files to and from a remote network site using the File Transfer Protocol.

28. Getmac – Displays the Media Access Control (MAC) address for network adapters.

29. Goto – Directs the Command Prompt to a labeled line in a batch program.

30. Gpresult – Displays Group Policy information for a machine or user.

31. Gpupdate – Refreshes local and Active Directory-based Group Policy settings, including security settings.

32. Graftabl – Enables the ability to display an extended character set in graphics mode.

33. Hostname – Displays the host name portion of the full computer name of the computer.

34. Icacls – Displays or modifies discretionary access control lists (DACLs) on specified files.

35. If – Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

36. Ipconfig – Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings.

37. Iscsicli – Starts the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator, used to manage iSCSI.

38. Klist – Displays or deletes Kerberos tickets.

39. Ktmutil – Starts Kernel Transaction Manager Utility.

40. Label – Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

41. Lodctr – Updates registry values related to performance counters.

42. Logman – Manages and schedules performance counter and event trace log collections on local and remote systems.

Did you get the cool CMD commands you wanted?

I’m always open to getting feedback. If you enjoyed the article or feel we’re missing anything, let me know by reaching out to us on social media. It’s a relatively short list of CMD commands but enough to show you what’s possible.

Don’t forget to stay safe.

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