Оболочка gnome для windows

Здравствуй Хабр.

Это мой первый топик после долгого затишья. Так же это мой пятисотый пост на Хабре. За то время, что я был на Хабре, я нашёл себе друзей и, надеюсь, не нажил врагов. Надеюсь в дальнейшем писать только хорошие топики.

Началась история с того, что я попытался перейти на Linux. У меня до сих пор стоит Ubuntu 8.04, но окончательно отказаться от Windows я не могу (изза проблем с модемом и тюнером). Мне очень понравился дизайн и юзабилити Gnome, и я начал искать возможные способы реализации всего этого на Windows. Первое решение, которое я нашёл — Gnome под Cygwin’ом. Но меня этот выход не устроил. Очевидно, что подходящее решение — альтернативная оболочка. Я пробовал несколько, но не одна из них мне не подошла.
И вдруг, после месяца поисков, я нашёл SharpEnviro. Проект, написанный на Delphi, распространяющийся с исходниками. Также он позволяет писать дополнительные скрипты на Delphi. В ходе недолгих и несложных манипуляций я смог сделать интерфейс приближённо похожим на Gnome.

Картинка с сайта: habr.com

Кликабельно.

Немного разъяснений по настройке. В уголке каждой панельки и каждого модуля есть мааленькая кнопочка. Это опции. Там всё интуитивно понятно. Также на рабочем столе есть ссылка на SharpCenter. Это отличный инструмент для настройки SharpE.

Также я использовал тему Human для Windows. Надеюсь кому-то это поможет. Если нужны разъяснения по поводу настройки SharpE, пишите в комментах.

P.S. Если кто-нибудь поможет с LT Win Modem и BeholdTV под Ubuntu 8.04, буду очень благодарен.

UPD: Представьте себе. Я задавал вопрос на Ответах Гугл: Как сделать оболочку Windows максимально похожей на Gnome. Так вот, мне дали ссылку на мой же топик)) Мир тесен)

UPD2: Для всех желающих пишу сейчас мануальчик по настройке.

UPD3: ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ

• 2Desktop Environments
  • 2.2XFCE
  • 2.3KDE Plasma 5
  • 2.4Gnome 3
  • 2.5Budgie
  • 2.6Cinnamon
  • 2.7Deepin
  • 2.8Enlightenment
  • 2.9LXDE
  • 2.10LXQt
  • 2.11MATE
• 3Window Managers
  • 3.1Stacking Window Managers
    • 3.1.1Openbox
    • 3.1.2FluxBox
  • 3.2Tiling Window Managers

1. Install Ubuntu On Windows Gnome
2. Install Gnome On Windows 10 Linux Subsystem
3. Install Gnome On Windows Subsystem For Linux
4. Install Gnome On Windows 10

There are several Desktop Environments and Window Managers available for Manjaro, each with their own unique style, interface, and features. Furthermore, it is possible to install multiple environments if desired, which can be selected at the login screen at any time. Users are not restricted to whatever comes pre-installed with a particular flavour of Manjaro.

Installation GTK+ and gtkmm were designed to work well with Microsoft Windows, and the developers encourage its use on the win32 platform. However, Windows has no standard installation system for development libraries. Please see the Windows Installation page for Windows-specific installation instructions and notes. Install Tomboy from the Windows Installer (the MSI file) you’ve downloaded via Download page. Windows will need you to tell it to proceed with the install because it’s from an Unknown Publisher: If you have SmartScreen enabled, you will get a scary blue screen saying Windows has protected your PC, click ‘more’ to see a ‘Run anyway’ button. To get a full featured version of Linux on Windows 10, installing your favorite distro (Linux-speak for “a distributor or distributed version”) on a second PC is always an option if you are.

It is worth noting that a Desktop Environment(DE) is not a single entity; it is actually a collection of different components that work together. This commonly includes a:

• window manager to display, move and resize application windows
• file manager to visually browse, copy and access files, etc.
• background provider to display wallpapers, etc.
• panel to provide a menu and to display information such as the time
• settings/configuration manager to change the look of the environment

And so on. Most desktop environments will also come with their own preferred applications, in addition to various widgets, addons, and extensions to provide extra features. As such, upon entering the commands provided below in your terminal to download and install a desktop environment, you may be prompted to choose from a selection of components provided for it. To install a full desktop environment — complete with its own preferred file manager, applications, and so on

Where additional (and optional) extras for a desktop environment are available, the terminal commands to obtain these have also been provided.

Some important information about installing the Manjaro settings packages:

• The Manjaro settings packages contain the theming and settings to make the desktop the same as in the Manjaro ISOs
• They have the naming convention manjaro-<desktop>-settings i.e. manjaro-xfce-settings
• They share files so you can only have one at a time installed.
• If you are coming from gnome you must remove the meta package manjaro-gnome-assets before you can install the settings package for another desktop

The Risks of Using Multiple DEs

Installing multiple DEs is not without risks. Here are some things that can pop-up when running more than one DE:

• The settings packages overlap so you can only have one DE pre-configured with the Manjaro theming. The others will need to have the theming applied manually.
• You can end up with more than one instance of similar applications. For example, it is common to end up with 2 Bluetooth managers. It takes some tweaking to get a single manager working in multiple DEs
• Sometimes two different DEs will share the same configuration files causing strange things to happen, especially with theming

These risks are greatly reduced by using a different user account for each DE.

In summary, running multiple DEs is possible and a great way to enjoy Manjaro but it requires a willingness to troubleshoot and work through minor problems. If you are the type of person who wants everything to ‘just work’ out of the box, running multiple DEs might not be for you.

XFCE

XFCE is a lightweight and versatile desktop environment that utilises a classic drop-down or pop-up menu to access applications. It is also compatible with Compiz. A little time and effort will also be required to properly customise the desktop to suit personal taste. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running XFCE uses about 390MB of memory. As of version 18, Manjaro has moved to the gtk3 version of XFCE.

Install a basic XFCE environment

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for XFCE

edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for XFCE

To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

KDE Plasma 5

The KDE community offers Plasma, a feature-rich and versatile desktop environment that provides several different styles of menu to access applications. Its default window manager is kwin, but is also compatible with Compiz. An excellent built-in interface to easily access and install new themes, widgets, etc, from the internet is also worth mentioning. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running KDE uses about 455MB of memory.

Install a basic KDE Plasma environment

Optional: Install KDE applications

To install a full set of K* applications use kde-applications. This will be ~300 packages(including dependencies)

Alternatively, install a minimal set of KDE applications with kdebase

Optional: Install and use SDDM, the recommended display manager for KDE

SDDM is installed as a dependency of plasma. To enable it

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for plasma

Open plasma settings, go to Startup & Shutdown->Login Screen and select ‘Breath’

Alternatively, the newer themes may be installed with:

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Gnome 3

Gnome 3 is an intuitive desktop environment that utilises a tablet or smartphone style interface to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Although Gnome is very easy to learn and use, its customisation options are quite limited, and it can be difficult to configure. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Gnome uses about 447MB of memory.

Install a basic gnome environment

Optional: To install extra themes, games, and features

Optional: Install and use GDM, the recommended display manager for gnome

GDM is installed as a dependency of gnome, to enable it

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for gnome

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Budgie

The Budgie Desktop is a modern desktop designed to keep out the way of the user. It features heavy integration with the GNOME stack in order for an enhanced experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running budgie uses about 632MB of memory.

Install a basic budgie environment

Optional: Install additional commonly used components

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for budgie

edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for budgie

To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a desktop environment based on Gnome 3 that utilises a large panel-style menu to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Despite being based on Gnome, it has more customisation options and is easier to configure. Users of Windows Vista or Windows 7 may find Cinnamon’s interface comfortably familiar. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Cinnamon uses about 665MB of memory.

Install a basic cinnamon environment

Optional: Install additional commonly used components

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for cinnamon

Then edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for cinnamon

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with

Set the Manjaro logo on the panel by right-clicking on the menu and clicking configure. Select ‘Use a custom icon and label’. Select the Manjaro icon.

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Deepin

The Deepin Desktop is an elegant, easy to use desktop. It is lightly configurable. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running deepin uses about 525MB of memory.

Install a basic deepin environment

Optional: Install the deepin applications suite

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for deepin

Then edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-deepin-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for deepin

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Enlightenment

note: There is not currently a Manjaro settings package for Enlightenment

Enlightenment, sometimes known simply as E, is a lightweight desktop environment known for its configurability and tools for creating beautiful user interfaces using its Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL). E started in 1997 as a stacking windows manager, emerging as a desktop environment with development release 0.17. E does not come with a broad array of tools by default, which can be an advantage for experienced users who want to customize their installation, and a disadvantage for users with little or no experience of Linux. E uses a few unique terms, for example referring to panels as “shelves”. A 64-bit installation of E uses about 160M of memory.

Install a basic E environment

Optional: Install and use Entrance, the recommended display manager for E

Entrance is available from the AUR in the package entrance-git. Information on how to install packages from AUR can be found here.

Optional: Install Manjaro themes for E

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

LXDE

note: Installing LXDE will also result in installing Openbox as its default window manager. The LXDM display manager will also be downloaded, although it will be necessary to enable this yourself if you wish to replace your existing display manager.

LXDE is a super-lightweight desktop environment that is very similar to XFCE, with the exception that it is not compatible with Compiz. As with XFCE, LXDE is also a somewhat basic desktop environment, lacking some modern features that would be expected, such as a search-bar to find applications and files. However, it is also an excellent choice for less powerful computers.

Install a basic lxde environment

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for lxde

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for lxde

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

LXQt

The LXQt Desktop Environment LXQt is a lightweight Qt desktop environment. It will not get in your way. It will not hang or slow down your system. It is focused on being a classic desktop with a modern look and feel. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running lxqt uses about 250MB of memory.

Install a basic LXQt environment

Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for LXQt

edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for LXQt

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

MATE

The MATE Desktop Environment is the continuation of GNOME 2. It provides an intuitive and attractive desktop environment using traditional metaphors for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. MATE is under active development to add support for new technologies while preserving a traditional desktop experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running MATE uses about 378MB of memory.

Install a basic mate environment

Optional: Install mate applications and configuration tools

Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for mate

edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for mate

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with

Create a new user for the new desktop environment

Install Ubuntu On Windows Gnome

note: By nature, building your own desktop environment from a Window Manager will take substantially more time and effort than simply downloading a pre-defined desktop environment.

Warning: The images provided below are purely for illustrative purposes only. You will have you put in the necessary time and effort to configure them.

Although Desktop Environments commonly provide a good range of customisation options to suit personal taste and preference, they may still be seen as somewhat restrictive or controlled in the sense that they merely allow for the personalisation of their pre-defined components. However, certain Window Managers empower users to take a ‘do it yourself’ approach in order to create their own desktop environments. In essence, they may be used as a foundation on which to build upon, as literally every component and every aspect of the desktop is under the direct control and choice of the user. An environment may be as elaborate or as minimalistic as desired, and it is even possible to mix and match various components from other desktop environments.

Therefore extremely powerful and versatile, these window managers also carry the additional benefit of being faster and more resource efficient than pre-defined desktop environments. Interestingly, the super-lightweight LXDE environment is itself built on the Openbox window manager. There are two types of Window Manager: Stacking and Tiling. These names denote how application windows will behave on your desktop.

Stacking Window Managers

Stacking window managers are by far the most popular, and essentially allow application windows to be moved freely around the screen, which may overlap — or ‘stack’ — upon one another, hence the name. All popular desktop environments (e.g. XFCE, KDE, Gnome, etc.) use stacking window Managers.

Install Gnome On Windows 10 Linux Subsystem

Openbox

Openbox is by far the most popular Window Manager available. Due to its popularity there is excellent documentation available, as well as a good choice of additional themes that may be downloaded. To install Openbox, enter the command:

To install a logout script, configuration application, menu-editor, and extra themes for Openbox, enter the following command: Creative zen x-fi mac software.

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Openbox

FluxBox

FluxBox is another popular Window Manager. It is particularly notable for providing some features not seen in Openbox, such as tabbing, which allows for windows to be grouped together. To install FluxBox, enter the command:

Optional: Install the newsfetcher and workspace pager for Fluxbox

Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Fluxbox

IceWM

IceWM is a Window Manager notable for perhaps being closer to a full desktop environment than Openbox or FluxBox. This includes providing a panel complete with menu, in addition to a workspace switcher. To install IceWM, enter the command:

To install a suite of tools and themes specifically for IceWM, enter the command:

Tiling Window Managers

Tiling window managers — as the name would suggest — tile application windows; each will have their own place on the screen, just like conventional tiles do not overlap. However, unlike conventional tiling, these window managers are usually very flexible, and allow for a multitude of different tiling patterns to suit personal taste and preference. Where stacking window managers focus on using the mouse for navigation, tiling window managers focus on the utilisation of the keyboard instead. As such, they can be much faster to use.

Awesome

Awesome is a popular tiling Window Manager, notable for using the Lua language for configuration. To install Awesome, enter the command:

To install some extra widgets for Awesome, enter the command:

Alternatively you can install the Awesome Community Edition.

i3

Install Gnome On Windows Subsystem For Linux

i3 is arguably the most popular tiling window manager available, and notable for using a single, completely self-contained configuration file. To install i3, enter the command:

To install a status bar and screen-locker for i3, enter the command:

Install Gnome On Windows 10

Retrieved from ‘https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Install_Desktop_Environments&oldid=1021’

LINUX

In today’s tutorial, we will explore how to install the GNOME desktop environment on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL-2) using Ubuntu. This setup allows you to run a full-fledged Linux desktop experience directly on Windows, providing access to both GUI apps and typical command-line utilities.

In my previous tutorial, I discussed how to set up Debian on WSL-2 with SystemD enabled. Now, let’s take this one step further and install GNOME.

Table of Contents

1. Prerequisites

2. Installing WSL-2

3. Installing Ubuntu and Setting Up SystemD

4. Installing GNOME Desktop

5. Configuring a Display Server

6. Starting GNOME

7. Conclusion

Prerequisites

Before we begin, make sure you have the following:

• Windows 10 version 19041 or higher.

• WSL-2 installed on your system.

• A working Ubuntu installation within WSL-2.

• Basic knowledge of using the terminal.

Keywords to Note:

• WSL-2

• Ubuntu

• GNOME desktop

• Linux desktop environment

• SystemD

Installing WSL-2

If you have not yet installed WSL-2, follow these steps:

1. Open PowerShell as Administrator.

2. Run the following command to enable the WSL feature:

1. Restart your computer when prompted.

2. Install the Ubuntu distribution by running:

   wsl --set-default-version 2
   wsl --install -d Ubuntu

Confirm the installation from the Microsoft Store if necessary.

Installing Ubuntu and Setting Up SystemD

Follow these steps to set Ubuntu up with SystemD:

1. Open your WSL terminal (you can search for “Ubuntu” in your Windows search).

2. Update your package lists:

   sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

1. Install SystemD by creating a service for WSL:

   • Create a file named 00-wsl.conf in /etc/systemd/system/:

    sudo touch /etc/systemd/system/00-wsl.conf
   

   • Add the following configuration:

    [Unit]
    DefaultDependencies=no
    After=local-fs.target
    Before=default.target
   
   
    [Install]
    WantedBy=default.target
   

2. Start SystemD:

Now your WSL-2 Ubuntu setup is ready to install GNOME!

Installing GNOME Desktop

To install the GNOME desktop environment, follow these steps:

1. Install GNOME and necessary packages:

   sudo apt install ubuntu-gnome-desktop --no-install-recommends -y

1. Install necessary utilities for running GNOME applications:

   sudo apt install x11-apps gdm3 -y

1. Allow the display server to achieve a proper functionality (if you haven’t already completed this).

Configuring a Display Server

To interact with the GNOME desktop, you’ll need an X server running on Windows. We recommend using VcXsrv:

1. Download and install VcXsrv from its official site.

2. Launch the VcXsrv with the following configurations:

   • Select “Multiple windows.”

   • Check “Disable access control.”

   • Click “Next” until you finish the setup.

3. Configure your WSL environment to allow VcXsrv to connect:

   • Set the DISPLAY variable:

    echo "export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2}'):0" >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc
   

This ensures that any GUI applications launched in WSL can find the X server.

Starting GNOME

With everything set up, it’s time to launch the GNOME desktop:

1. Start the VcXsrv server on your Windows machine.

2. Launch your WSL terminal.

3. Start the GNOME desktop session:

After a few moments, the GNOME desktop should appear on your Windows screen.

Example of a GNOME Session Launch

Upon successful launch, you should see the familiar GNOME interface with features such as:

• Activities overview

• System tray

• App launcher

Conclusion

You now have a fully functional GNOME desktop environment running on WSL-2 with Ubuntu! This allows you to leverage the best of both worlds: the robustness of Linux and the convenience of Windows. If you encounter any issues or have questions, feel free to reach out to the community for support.

Don’t forget to check back for more tutorials on optimizing your WSL experience, setting up other desktop environments, and getting the most out of your Linux installations on Windows!

Happy coding!

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Run Ubuntu Desktop GUI on Windows Subsystem Linux 2 on Windows 10
—

Step 1: Activate Windows Subsystem Linux Feature

Open Powershell or CMD as administrator:

• Enable WSL Feature

  dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
  

• Enable Virtualization

  dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
  

  Restart your device if needed, and make sure virtualization is enabled from bios

Step 2: Update to Windows Subsystem Linux

Download WSL2 Update Package: Download Package

Now Set WSL default to version 2 using the following command
In CMD or Powershell

wsl --set-default-version 2

If you have already installed linux, update its version by:

wsl --set-version <linuxName> 2

Now, if everything done correctly wsl will be updated and set default for linux installations

Step 3: Install Ubuntu

Download the LTS version of Ubuntu from the Microsoft Store : Link

After downloading, open the Ubuntu app it’ll install the linux subsystem.
Follow the instructions and enter your unix username and password, when the linux is setup install the updates the system.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Step 4: Install xrdp service and Ubuntu Gnome Desktop

We’ll be using the Remote Desktop Protocol to connect to the display

sudo apt install xrdp ubuntu-gnome-desktop

During installation if prompted to configure display manager, select gdm

Step 5: Configure XRDP

• Take a backup of the xrdp first

  sudo cp /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini.bak
  

• Change the default rdp port to 3390 (optional)

  sudo sed -i 's/3389/3390/g' /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini
  

• Change the resolution for better quality (optional)

The rdp connection will be local so why not better image quality

sudo sed -i 's/max_bpp=32/#max_bpp=32\nmax_bpp=128/g' /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini
sudo sed -i 's/xserverbpp=24/#xserverbpp=24\nxserverbpp=128/g' /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini

• Edit the xrdp window manager

  sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh
  

  After opening the file go to the end of the file and comment out the last two lines like this and
  gnome-session under it.

  # test -x /etc/X11/Xsession && exec /etc/X11/Xsession
  # exec /bin/sh /etc/X11/Xsession
  gnome-session
  

  ---

  Step 6: Install the ubuntu-systemd script

  Clone the git repo given below and run it Link to Repo

  git clone https://github.com/DamionGans/ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.git
  cd ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script/
  bash ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.sh
  # Enter your password and wait until the script has finished
  

  After that exit the shell using exit command,
  and restart the wsl using

  then

  in CMD or PowerShell

Done!!

Now run the xrdp service using (in shell)

sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp start

Open Windows Remote Desktop Service

search for rdp in start menu

Use Computer as : localhost:3390 or localhost:3389 if you didn’t change the port.

Then click Connect

You’ll be asked for the unix username and password and keep the session type to xorg

That’s it.
Thank you for reading!