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Для локальной отладки сервиса мне понадобилось установить Apache Cassandra на Windows 10. Нормальный установщик был только у компании DataStax, но они прекратили его поддерживать.
В данной статье я опишу, как установить Apache Cassandra на Windows в виде сервиса.
1. Установка JDK
Для работы Cassandra необходима Java 8 — JavaSE или OpenJDK. На более новых версиях Java Cassandra не стартует.
Перепробовав несколько дистрибутивов OpenJDK я выбрал Amazon Corretto — на нём Cassandra стартовала и работала. С другими дистрибутивами могут возникнуть проблемы.
Скачать Amazon Corretto можно по этой ссылке
При установке необходимо удостовериться, что компонент «Setup Enviroment» включен. Иначе придётся вручную устанавливать переменную окружения ‘JAVA_HOME’.
2. Установка Cassandra
2.1. Загрузка необходимого
- Дистрибутив Cassandra берём с этой страницы
- Для того, чтобы превратить Cassandra в сервис необходим
prunsrv.exeиз проекта Apache Commons Daemon. Бинари лежат тут.
2.2 Распаковка
Распаковываем архив с Cassandra в папку, где она будет установлена.
Из архива commons-daemon копируем файл prunsrv.exe нужной архитектуры в папка_с_cassandra\bin\daemon. Если папки daemon не существует, то её необходимо создать.
2.3 Установка
- Открываем PowerShell с правами администратора.
- Переходим в
папка_с_cassandra\bin - Выполняем
.\cassandra.ps1 -install
После этого Cassandra будет установлена как сервис, которым можно управлять через консоль управления службами.
3. Опционально
Для работы cqlsh необходим установленный Python 2.7.
Во многих случаях требуется установить переменную окружения CASSANDRA_HOME, указывающую на bin папку Cassandra.
Apache Cassandra is a well-established wide-column NoSQL database. It uses a column-based storage model to capture large amounts of unstructured data. Cassandra focuses on operating in a distributed cluster of commodity servers and boasts high availability and flexible horizontal scaling.
This tutorial shows how to install Apache Cassandra on Windows.
Prerequisites
- Java 8 installed.
- Python 2.7 installed.
- A user account with administrator privileges.
How to Install Cassandra on Windows 11
The last natively supported Cassandra version on Windows is 3.11. Cassandra 3.11 requires Java 8u202 and Python 2.7 to work on Windows. Installing a later Java or Python version causes compatibility issues, so stick to the supported versions to ensure stability.
Step 1: Install Java 8 on Windows 11
The Java development kit contains all the tools and software you need to run applications written in Java. It is a prerequisite for software solutions such as Apache Cassandra.
Download Oracle JDK 8 (Java Development Kit)
Java 8 is an LTS version that will receive updates until 2030. Follow the steps below to install the Java 8 version compatible with Cassandra:
1. Navigate to the official Oracle download page to download the Java JDK 8u202 software package for Windows x64 or x86.
If you do not have an Oracle account, the website guides you through a quick signup process. The Java 8 download starts automatically after signup.
2. Once the download completes, double-click the downloaded executable file. Select Next on the initial installation screen.
3. Select optional features and define the installation location. Accept the default settings and take note of the full path to the installation folder. Once you are ready to proceed, click Next.
4. When prompted, confirm the Java installation destination folder. Click Next to continue.
5. Wait for the installation process to complete, click Close to finish, and exit the installer.
Configure Environment Variables for Java 8
It is vital to configure the environment variables in Windows and define the correct path to the Java 8 installation folder in order for the installation to work properly. Follow the steps below:
1. Press the Windows key and search for Environment variables. Press Enter to open the Advanced system settings window.
2. Click the Environment Variables… button.
3. Click New in the System Variable section.
4. Enter JAVA_HOME for the new variable name. Select the Variable value field and enter the path to the Java installation folder. Alternatively, use the Browse Directory… option, navigate to the folder where Java is installed, and select OK to add the variable.
5. Find the PATH variable in the System variables section and click the Edit… button.
6. Click the New button and enter the path to the Java installation bin folder. You can enter the path manually or use the Browse… button to navigate to the bin folder with Windows Explorer. Click OK to confirm the changes.
7. Click OK in the main Environment Variables window to complete the process.
Step 2: Install and Configure Python 2.7 on Windows
Users interact with the Cassandra database with the cqlsh bash shell. You need to install Python 2.7 for cqlsh to handle user requests properly.
Install Python 2.7 on Windows
Although deprecated, Python 2.7 is the last version supported by Cassandra 3 on Windows. Follow the steps below to install it on your machine:
1. Visit the Python official download page and select the Windows x64 version link.
2. Double-click the downloaded file to start the installation.
3. In the initial screen, select whether you want to install Python for all users on this machine or just for your user account, and click Next.
4. Specify the Python installation folder. Feel free to leave the default location and click Next.
5. The wizard prompts you to customize the Python installation package. Select Next to continue the installation using the default settings.
6. Wait for the installation process to complete. Once done, select Finish to conclude the installation process.
Configure Environment Variables for Python
In order for Python to work, you need to configure the environment variables, as we did with Java. Follow the steps below:
1. Search for Environment variables and press Enter to open the Advanced system settings window. Click the Environment Variables… button.
2. Double-click the existing Path system variable in the System variables section.
3. Select New and enter the path to the Python installation folder. You can also use the Browse button to locate the folder. Once you have confirmed that the path is correct, click OK.
4. Click OK again to confirm the changes.
Step 3: Download and Set Up Apache Cassandra
After setting up Java 8 and Python 2.7 on your machine, you can now install Cassandra. Follow the steps below:
Download and Extract Cassandra tar.gz Archive
Cassandra comes in a tar.gz archive that contains the core binaries, configuration files, libraries, and tools required to run and manage Apache Cassandra. To download it and unpack:
1. Download Apache Cassandra version 3.11.9, the latest Cassandra 3 version.
2. Unzip the archive using a compression tool such as 7-Zip or WinZip. The native Windows extractor does not work with .gz archives as they are more common to Linux. Place the uncompressed folder to the root of your drive for easy access later.
Configure Environment Variables for Cassandra
Repeat the process for setting up the environment variables for Cassandra to enable the database to interact with other applications and operate on Windows.
1. Open the Environment Variables window.
2. Add a new variable in the System Variables section by selecting the New option.
3. Enter CASSANDRA_HOME for Variable name, and provide the location of the unzipped Apache Cassandra folder for the Variable value column. Press OK to confirm the changes. For example:
4. Add Cassandra to PATH. In the System variables section, double-click the Path variable to edit it.
5. Select New and then provide the location to the Apache Cassandra bin folder. You can also use the Browse option.
6. Click the OK button and then again OK in the main window to save the edited variables.
Step 4: Start Cassandra from Windows CMD
After setting up Java, Python, and Cassandra, it is time to start the server. Follow the steps below:
1. Open Windows Explorer and navigate to the Cassandra bin folder.
2. Start the Windows Command Prompt directly from the bin folder by typing cmd in the address bar and pressing Enter.
3. Run the following command to start the Cassandra server:
cassandraThe system proceeds to start the Cassandra Server.
Keep the current cmd session open.
Step 5: Access Cassandra cqlsh from Windows CMD
While the initial command prompt is still running, open a new command line prompt from the same bin folder. Enter the following command to access the Cassandra cqlsh bash shell:
cqlsh
You now have access to the Cassandra shell and can proceed to issue basic database commands to your Cassandra server.
How to Uninstall Cassandra on Windows
If you no longer need Cassandra on your system, follow the steps below to uninstall it.
Step 1: Stop Cassandra Services
Navigate to the Cassandra bin folder and open the Command Prompt by typing cmd in the address bar.
Run the following command to stop any running Cassandra service:
cassandra -fStep 2: Remove Cassandra Installation Files
Delete the Apache Cassandra directory to remove the installation files from your machine.
Step 3: Remove Environment Variables
Remove the environment variables to ensure that the old references to Cassandra’s binaries or configuration do not interfere with future installations or system operations.
1. Open the Environment variables setting.
2. Find the CASSANDRA_HOME environment variable from the System variables section and click Delete:
3. Find the PATH environment variable and click Edit….
4. Select and delete the path to the Cassandra bin folder. Press OK in all windows to confirm the changes.
Step 4: Delete Data (Optional)
By default, Cassandra stores its data in the C:\Program Files\DataStax folder. Delete the folder to remove any residual Cassandra data from your computer.
You have now successfully removed Cassandra from your computer.
Conclusion
This article showed how to install, configure, and remove Cassandra on a Windows 11 computer. Cassandra is a popular NoSQL database solution that allows users to capture and store large amounts of data.
Next, see how to use Cassandra in our guide on how to create, drop, alter, and truncate Cassandra tables.
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Here in this tutorial will see a simple method to install Apache Cassandra on Windows 10/8/7 or Windows Server 2008/2012 without using Datastax community edition setup.
What is Apache Cassandra?How to Install Cassandra on Windows 10/8/7 without datastaxStep 1: Download Java 8 (Java SE Development Kit 8u211)Step 2: Set $Java_Home variable on WindowsStep 3: Download and Install Python 2.7 on Windows 10/8/7Step 4: Set System environment variables for PythonStep 5: Download Apache Cassandra on Windows 10/7Step 6: Extract Apache Cassandra Tar folderStep 7: Set Cassandra HOME Environmental variables Step 8: Run and up Cassandra on Windows 10/ serverStep 9: Run Cassandra commands on Windows
What is Apache Cassandra?
Apache Cassandra is a free and open source distributed NoSQL database system. Originally developed by Facebook, it is used to store simple format data such as inboxes. It combines Google BigTable’s data model with Amazon Dynamo’s fully distributed architecture. Facebook has opened Cassandra in 2008. Since then, Cassandra has good scalability that’s Digg, Twitter, GitHub, GoDaddy, Hulu, Instagram and other well-known sites or companies have adopted it and become a popular distributed structured data storage solutions.
Apache Cassandra is a hybrid, non-relational database similar to Google’s BigTable. Its main function is richer than Dynamo (distributed Key-Value storage system ), but its support is not as good as document storage MongoDB (an open source product between a relational database and non-relational database). It is the most abundant and non-relational database. Like a relational database, the supported data structure is very loose and is similar to JSON format, so it can store more complex data types.
Note: We are not using DataStax here to install Apache Cassandra because DataStax no longer provides the DataStax Community version of Apache Cassandra. You can read the official dictum here.
Prerequisites
- The latest version of Java 8
- Python 2.7
- Apache Cassandra
Step 1: Download Java 8 (Java SE Development Kit 8u211)
First thing first which is Java 8 installation and setting up of System variables for it on Windows 10/8/7 system. Thus, here is the link to download Java SE Development Kit 8u211.
After downloading, double click on the Java setup file to run and install it.
Step 2: Set $Java_Home variable on Windows
To set the system variables on your Windows system for Java 8; right click on My Computer or This PC icon and select properties option.
From the properties of your system on the left side, you will see an option called Advanced system settings. Click on that.
From the Environmental Variables screen, click on the New button given under System variables. Now in New System Variables window for Variable name type: JAVA_HOME and then click on Variable Value column after that select Browse Directory button.
From browse directory go to My computer or This PC->C: Drive->Programe Files->Java and select JDK 1.8
After adding the path of JAVA 8 to System variable it will look like something below screenshot. To save the settings click on the OK button.
Step 3: Download and Install Python 2.7 on Windows 10/8/7
We have tried the latest version of Python for Apache Cassandra but it gave an error while running Cassandra commands CQLSH. The error was:
"File "cqlsh", line 95
except ImportError, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax"Hence, we had to install the downgrade version which is 2.7 and compatible with Apache Cassandra.
Here is the link to download Python 2.7 for Windows. On the download page click on the Windows x86-64 MSI installer.
After downloading the Python setup just run it like any other normal Windows.exe application.
Step 4: Set System environment variables for Python
Once the installation is done, the next thing which needs to be done is to let our command shells know about its commands by setting the environment variables.
Just like we have done above for JAVA, again go to Advance settings to access the environment variables and under the system variables you will see Path variable double click on that.
Click on New and then Browse. From directory browser go to My computer or This PC- C: Drive->select Python 27.
Hit the OK button to save the changes.
Step 5: Download Apache Cassandra on Windows 10/7
Two things have been successfully set that we needed to up and run a Cassandra server. Now finally, go to Apache Cassandra website and download its latest version. Here is the link.
While writing this Apache Cassandra setup tutorial for Windows, the latest version was 3.11 which might be different in your case.
Step 6: Extract Apache Cassandra Tar folder
The downloaded folder of Apache Cassandra will be in Tar compressed form. You can use Winrar or 7zip to extract it. After extracting open the folder and copy the folder to C: Drive.
Step 7: Set Cassandra HOME Environmental variables
As we set system variables above for Java and Python, we do the same for Cassandra. Under the system, variable click on the NEW button and type CASSANDRA_HOME for Variable name. And then click on Variable value column and browse the directory to select the folder of Apache Cassandra we copied to C: drive in the above step.
Now double click on the Path Variable of System Variables and Click New then Browse the Apache Cassandra folder resided in C: drive and inside that select the bin folder. Click the OK button and then again the OK button to save the variables.
Step 8: Run and up Cassandra on Windows 10/ server
Open the Command prompt or PowerShell under administrative rights and type the below command to start the Cassandra.
cassandra
When you see Node started on Localhost/127.0.0.1 then just leave the command prompt window running Apache Cassandra open as it is.
Note: If you are running the above command in Powershell then you can close it.
Step 9: Run Cassandra commands on Windows
Now, open new Command Prompt Window and run:
cqlsh
Now you can start using Cassandra commands…
If you want to make the Cassandra service as Windows service so, that you don’t need to be run it again and again from the command prompt, see this tutorial: Start Cassandra as service in Windows 10/7/server…
Other Tutorials:
- How to install Git using Chocolatey on Windows 10/8/7
- Download & install npm and node.js packages on Windows 10/8/7
- Top Open source NoSQL database programs
- 10 Top Mongodb GUI tools to manage databases graphically
Introduction
Apache Cassandra is a well-established wide-column NoSQL database. It uses a column-based storage model to capture large amounts of unstructured data.
Cassandra focuses on operating in a distributed cluster of commodity servers and boasts high-availability and flexible horizontal scaling.
This detailed tutorial shows you how to install Apache Cassandra on Windows.
Dependencies
Apache Cassandra requires Java 8 to run on a Windows system. Additionally, the Cassandra command-line shell (cqlsh) is dependent on Python 2.7 to work correctly.
To be able to install Cassandra on Windows, first you need to:
- Download and Install Java 8 and set environment variables.
- Download and install Python 2.7 and set environment variables.
If you already have these dependencies installed, check your version of Python and Java. If you have Java 8 and Python 2.7. feel free to move on to the third section of this guide.
The Java development kit contains all the tools and software you need to run applications written in Java. It is a prerequisite for software solutions such as Apache Cassandra.
1. Visit the official Oracle download page and download the Oracle JDK 8 software package.
2. Scroll down and locate the Java SE Development Kit 8u251 for Windows x64 download link. The Java 8 download starts automatically after signup.
Note: If you do not have an Oracle account, the website guides you through a quick signup process. Alternatively, you can download Java from a third-party website of your choosing. Always make sure to confirm the source of the download.
3. Once the download is complete, double-click the downloaded executable file. Select Next on the initial installation screen.
4. The following section allows you to select optional features and define the location of the installation folder. Accept the default settings and take note of the full path to the installation folder, C: Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_251. Once you are ready to proceed with the installation, click Next.
5. The installation process can take several minutes. Select Close once the process is completed.
It is vital to configure the environment variables in Windows and define the correct path to the Java 8 installation folder.
1. Navigate to This PC > Properties.
2. Select Advanced system settings.
3. Click the Environment Variables… button.
4. Select New in the System Variable section.
5. Enter JAVA_HOME for the new variable name. Select the Variable value field and then the Browse Directory option.
6. Navigate to This PC > Local Disk C: > Program Files > Java > jdk1.8.0_251 and select OK.
7. Once the correct path to the JDK 8 installation folder has been added to the JAVA_HOME system variable, click OK.
8. You have successfully added the JAVA_HOME system variable with the correct JDK 8 path to the variable list. Select OK in the main Environment Variables window to complete the process.
Users interact with the Cassandra database by utilizing the cqlsh bash shell. You need to install Python 2.7 for cqlsh to handle user requests properly.
1. Visit the Python official download page and select the Windows x64 version link.
2. Define if you would like Python to be available to all users on this machine or just for your user account and select Next.
3. Specify and take note of the Python installation folder location. Feel free to leave the default location C:Python27 by clicking Next.
4. The following step allows you to customize the Python installation package. Select Next to continue the installation using the default settings.
5. The installation process takes a few moments. Once it is complete, select Finish to conclude the installation process.
1. Navigate to This PC > Properties.
2. Select the Advanced system settings option.
3. Click Environment Variables…
4. Double-click on the existing Path system variable.
5. Select New and then Browse to locate the Python installation folder quickly. Once you have confirmed that the path is correct, click OK.
6. Add the Python 2.7 path to the Path system variable by selecting OK.
1. Visit the official Apache Cassandra Download page and select the version you would prefer to download. Currently, the latest available version is 3.11.6.
2. Click the suggested Mirror download link to start the download process.
Note: It is always recommended to verify downloads originating from mirror sites. The instructions for using GPG or SHA-512 for verification are usually available on the official download page.
4. Unzip the compressed tar.gz folder using a compression tool such as 7-Zip or WinZip. In this example, the compressed folder was unzipped, and the content placed in the C:Cassandraapache-cassandra-3.11.6 folder.
Set up the environment variables for Cassandra to enable the database to interact with other applications and operate on Windows.
1. Go to This PC > Properties.
2. Go to Advanced system settings.
3. Click the Environment Variables… button.
4. Add a completely new entry by selecting the New option.
5. Type CASSANDRA_HOME for Variable name, then for theVariable value column select the location of the unzipped Apache Cassandra folder.
Based on the previous steps, the location is C:Cassandraapache-cassandra-3.11.6. Once you have confirmed that the location is correct, click OK.
6. Double click on the Path variable.
7. Select New and then Browse. In this instance, you need to add the full path to the bin folder located within the Apache Cassandra folder, C:Cassandraapache-cassandra-3.11.6bin.
8. Hit the OK button and then again OK to save the edited variables.
Navigate to the Cassandra bin folder. Start the Windows Command Prompt directly from within the bin folder by typing cmd in the address bar and pressing Enter.
Type the following command to start the Cassandra server:
cassandra
The system proceeds to start the Cassandra Server.
Do not close the current cmd session.
While the initial command prompt is still running open a new command line prompt from the same bin folder. Enter the following command to access the Cassandra cqlsh bash shell:
cqlsh
You now have access to the Cassandra shell and can proceed to issue basic database commands to your Cassandra server.
Conclusion
You have successfully installed Cassandra on Windows.
Large volumes of unstructured data can be an issue for traditional relational databases. This popular NoSQL database solution is going to allow you to capture and store a lot more of increasingly valuable data.
Learn more about how to use Cassandra in our guide on how to create, drop, alter and truncate Cassandra tables.
The legacy methods of developing with DataStax Enterprise on Windows as discussed in this blog post have evolved to using our new and improved Docker containers, which provide a much better development experience on Windows.
READ NOW DATASTAX ENTERPRISE
Many architects and developers today are targeting Apache Cassandra as the underlying database because of its ability to easily scale and perform fast under extreme workloads. Developers like the fact that no modifications are required on their part if the application is initially written to just use one Cassandra node, but grows into hundreds in the future.
According to industry analysts such as Evans Data, Microsoft Windows remains the number one platform used by developers to write code and test their work (although Mac has recently been challenging that ranking). Many times developers need a complete environment to do their work, and this translates into having a full functioning copy of the database their application will target running on their Windows workstation or laptop.
For those wanting to develop against Apache Cassandra on Windows, this article will show you how to easily install, setup, and manage/monitor Apache Cassandra on a Windows machine.
Download the Software
The first step is to download the software you’ll need for your Windows machine. In the past, getting Apache Cassandra and all its utilities and management software on Windows wasn’t that easy, but that’s now a thing of the past since DataStax introduced its free Windows installer.
DataStax makes available the DataStax Community Edition, which contains the latest community version of Apache Cassandra, along with the Cassandra Query Language (CQL) utility, and a free edition of DataStax OpsCenter, which is the tool you’ll want to use for managing and monitoring your Cassandra cluster on Windows. To get Datastax Community Edition, go to the downloads page and select the Windows installation package for your version of Microsoft Windows. Note that 32 and 64-bit installers are offered.
Validate Prerequisites
The only prerequisites you’ll need for your Windows machine are:
- Windows 7 or Windows 2008 server
- Java
- Either the Firefox or Chrome Web browser for DataStax OpsCenter (which doesn’t support Internet Explorer yet)
- There is a dependency on the Visual C++ 2008 runtime (32bit), but Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server R2 has it already installed. If you need it, see: http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=29
Using the Windows Installer
The Windows installer is an MSI package that is run like any other on Windows. When you execute the setup program, you are first presented with an initial welcome panel that identifies your installation package:
Clicking next takes you to the end user license agreement (don’t worry, the software is free):
The next panel allows you to specify where the software is to be installed:
Once the installation directory has been set, the installer will ask how you want to handle the services that will be installed. Installed services include:
- The Apache Cassandra server, labeled DataStax Cassandra Community Service
- The DataStax OpsCenter management tool, which includes both the OpsCenter service used to manage and monitor Cassandra, and the OpsCenter agent, which is used to gather metrics and carry out various tasks on every Cassandra node. Note that the primary OpsCenter service and agent are actually broken out into two distinct services on Windows
The next panel initiates the installation process:
The final panel asks if you would like to launch DataStax OpsCenter in your browser and also register to be updated when new versions of the software become available:
If you choose to execute DataStax OpsCenter (and you have either Google Chrome or Firefox as your default web browser), you’ll be presented with the OpsCenter dashboard:
Finding and Using Installed Software
You can find a number of the most used interfaces you’ll need in a Windows program group that the installer creates for you:
The primary interface into Cassandra is the CQL (Cassandra Query Language) shell utility, which can be used to create a new keyspace (analogous to a database in the RDBMS world) for the new Cassandra server:
Once a keyspace is created, you can create column families (the primary data object in Cassandra), insert data, query data, and more:
Typing, “Help;” at the CQL prompt will bring up the supported list of commands.
You can also use the Cassandra Command Line Interface (CLI) utility, which until the arrival of CQL was the primary interface used to create, manage, and query objects:
Another utility that’s used to perform various management tasks on Cassandra is the nodetool shell program. It’s not installed as a Windows program group item, and most of what it does can be visually performed through DataStax OpsCenter, but you can access it in the bin subdirectory that’s under the main installation directory:
Lastly, you can start, stop, and manage the various services installed via the standard Windows services control panel interface:
Conclusion
That’s all there is to it to get Apache Cassandra and the DataStax OpsCenter visual management and monitoring tool installed on your Windows machine. For other software such as application drivers, client libraries, and more visit the downloads page.
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